The administration of drugs such as cimetidine or ranitidine may reduce gastric acidity. Should also be avoided certain foods (like fats and chocolate), tobacco and certain drugs (eg anticholinergics), anything that increases the tendency of the lower esophageal sphincter to let the liquid. The doctor may prescribe a medicine cholinergic (eg, bethanechol, metoclopramide or cisapride) to make the lower sphincter to close more tightly.

Urgent surgery is not necessary unless esophagitis causing a massive hemorrhage. But bleeding can reoccur. The narrowing of the esophagus is treated with drugs and repeated dilations, which can be made using balloons or probes (dilators of progressively larger metal). If dilation is effective, the closer does not limit significantly the food intake. Treatment with omeprazole or lansoprazole or surgery can relieve the intense inflammation, hemorrhage, strictures, ulcers or symptoms that have not responded to other treatments. The omeprazole and lansoprazole are the drugs most effective for the rapid resolution of esophageal inflammation caused by reflux. Barret’s syndrome, a precancerous condition, can disappear, provided that the treatment has alleviated the symptoms, although not always so.

* Spicy foods, tomato sauces, citrus, fatty foods, chocolate, coffee, alcohol and certain medications.

* Overeating, belch intentionally, wearing tight clothing, often bending over, lying down to finish eating, smoking.

* Physical conditions (particularly overweight)

* The effectiveness of the valve at the end of the esophagus, because it prevents substances from entering the esophagus from the stomach.

* Medical conditions.

What is to be expected in medical?

Your doctor can diagnose gastroesophageal reflux disease talking about their symptoms, their eating habits, medications you are taking and about your lifestyle. You can also recommend certain medical tests.

Treatment Options

* Avoid intake of food, beverages and medications that can cause GERD.

* Change your lifestyle and necessary.

* The intake of antacids or other medications may relieve symptoms.

* The intake of antacids or other medications may relieve symptoms.

In some cases, your doctor may recommend surgery only if it is drug therapy.

Medicines

In cases mild, your doctor may recommend certain medications to relieve symptoms. In moderate and severe, medication should take 2 to 4 times per day. Also may recommend a dose of remedy of “maintenance” to prevent recurrence of the disease.

Complementary and Alternative Therapies

Certain changes in your diet can reduce the irritation caused by reflux. Herbs can be very effective in healing the esophagus (for inflammation).

Nutrition

* The digestive enzymes can help in case of heartburn.

* Avoid sweets, oils, fats and caffeine.

In common parlance, we speak often of heartburn to designate the reflux.

For most people, the problem is caused by a malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter muscle ring at the junction of the esophagus and stomach. In normal circumstances, the lower esophageal sphincter prevents stomach contents from rising into the esophagus, opening only to let the food eaten, thus playing a protective role valve. In case of reflux, the sphincter opens at inappropriate times, leaving out the gastric juices of the stomach cavity. Sufferers often have reflux acid reflux after a meal or during the night. This phenomenon is well known regurgitation in infants, in whom the sphincter is immature.

In Canada, it is estimated that 29% of the population is troubled with episodes of gastro esophageal reflux. In the U.S., 44% of the adult population has reflux at least once a month.

Evolution
In the majority of people, reflux symptoms are chronic and appear in recurrences. The available treatments offer the most complete relief, but temporary symptoms. They do not cure the disease.

Complications
Prolonged exposure of the esophagus to acidic substances can cause inflammation known as esophagitis, esophageal ulcers, and sometimes a narrowing of the diameter of the esophagus. When the situation becomes chronic, it can lead to Barrett’s esophagus. The normal gray-pink tissue of the esophagus is then replaced by a flaming pink salmon color. This condition increases the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma, a form of cancer.

Note that people with reflux are at increased risk of dental problems because of the increased acidity in the mouth.

Acid reflux in infants is still as a result of many factors, however, most of the etiologic factors tend to be aggravated by the fact that babies spend most of their days lying on your back or lying down and consume mostly food liquid. The tendency for liquid foods to cause regurgitation, when combined with pressure from lying in a prone position on the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is a higher risk of incidence of acid reflux in infants. The impact, however, could also be attributed to other factors such as the anatomy of the stomach of the infant, improper or incomplete development of the lower esophageal sphincter during fetal growth, poor diet, overweight, food allergies and a host of other factors.

Because babies, unlike adults, cannot complain of symptoms or explain how they feel, it is always hard to know when a child suffers from acid reflux. The best way is to consult a pediatrician. However, there are signs and clues that you may find your child that might suggest the presence of the disease. Some of these indices are as follows:

- Sleep disorders
- Cough
- Weight Loss
- Lack of appetite
- Spitting frequently mentioned
- Apnea
- Irritability unusual
- Chest pain
- Sore throat
- Bad breath
- Crying

The acid reflux disease can also cause respiratory problems like pneumonia, strictures and ulcers on the lining of the esophagus, and malnutrition. Although these signs do not always mean that your baby suffers from acid reflux disease, but they constitute a sufficient reason to go see your pediatrician.

Of course, there are some things you can do to help your child to avoid acid reflux. Simple things like changing the diet of the child, keeping him / her upright for a while, especially after meals, keeping an eye on the child for signs of chest pain or heartburn and a host of others. This increased attention may be all your child really needs.

The treatment of reflux depends on the symptoms and the age of the infant. If your child is uncomfortable, the rest find hard to sleep or eat, or do not develop, your doctor may suggest medications. If your child continues to have symptoms, tests may be arranged to help find better treatments. From time to time if problems are severe, surgery may be the best option. It is rare that children may need surgery for GERD. Most young children do not need medication and do not become too great for reflux by one or two years.

The thickened food may reduce the amount your baby will regurgitate. The grain adds weight to food, which helps to keep food from splashing around in the baby’s stomach and can help to reduce it. Babies who have problems with weight gain may also benefit from the extra calories. Add a tablespoon of rice cereal to two ounces of formula. If mixture is too thick, you can change the nipple size or cross cut the nipple. Some babies have reactions to rice that make reflux worse. In these cases, it was shown that adding oatmeal instead works.

Burping your baby frequently during feeding will help minimize the pressure and gastric reflux. Waiting to burp your baby after they have a full stomach may increase the likelihood of regurgitation. The burp your baby after one or two ounces of formula are made. The rot has breastfed children in young age after feeding on each side. Sucking on a pacifier increases the production of saliva, which helps offset some of the acid can rise.

Feeding every two to three hours when your baby is awake will reduce reflux. Overfeeding can increase abdominal pressure and lead to acid reflux. Avoid tight elastic around the waist, and keep diapers loose.

Keep your child upright for Food and hold your infant in your arms right for half an hour after feeding. Babies fed formula may need longer periods for food, since the formula is digested slower than breastmilk. This will reduce the amount of gastric reflux. If you lay your baby down after feeding, place them on their stomach pitched at least thirty degrees. This can reduce the regurgitation. But just put your baby in this position if they are awake. Lying a baby on the stomach is not recommended during sleep because of the link between position and SIDS infants. The prone positioning during sleep is only considered when the risks of complications are higher than PRE potential increased risk of SIDS. Elevate head of bed by thirty degrees to help the stomach contents of subsistence aid of gravity where they belong. Many babies with reflux prefer sleeping on their stomachs. Your doctor can help decide if it is, and how to control risk without allowing the baby to sleep in the prone position.

The way an infant is placed in a car seat can cause an increase of regurgitation. Slouching over the causes abdominal compression, increasing the risk of reflux. Using simple supports to keep the amount will prevent this. Use a car seat allows your baby to be relaxed enough that they not slouched.

If you are breast-feeding may be helpful to avoid foods associated with reflux. Breastfeeding is best for a baby reflux because it is more hypoallergenic than formula and is digested twice as fast. If the elimination of foods seems to help, you can slowly introduce one thing at a time back in your diet and observe the reactions of your baby. This way you’ll know exactly what made the reflux worse. Some children have milk allergies or sensitivities to dairy products, which can be confused with reflux or worsen existing reflux. It’s a good idea to experiment with different formulas, or eliminate milk and dairy products from your diet if breast feeding.

Try to carry your baby around as much as possible in a baby carrier throughout the day. Babies tend to cry less likely to cry and can make the reflux worse, positive, it keeps the baby right.

Infant massage also improves digestion and helps relax your baby.

Be careful therefore to:

1) WEIGHT LOSS if you are overweight, trying to maintain a healthy weight by even a Mediterranean diet;
2) DO BUSINESS ‘regular exercise but not too intense, especially after meals;
3) Avoid clothes that were too tight round the waist and belts;
4) DO NOT EXCEED IN MEALS, reduce fatty foods and eat slowly;
5) Quit smoking;
6) Quit drinking alcohol, reduce the wine, especially the white one;
7) Avoid eating chocolate or any food containing it;
DO NOT lying or sleeping after eating, but wait at least two hours;

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The classic symptoms of gastro esophageal reflux is the burning in the breastbone (heartburn) and acid regurgitation.
Less common is the chest pain (especially behind the breastbone), which at times can resemble a cardiac pain.
Extra-esophageal symptoms are of different types, such as chronic cough, non-allergic asthma, hoarseness, sore throat.
These disorders can be particularly important if you notice at night because it disturbs sleep and affect much on the quality of life.
This is something that occurs very often, in fact, the reflux is facilitated by the extended position of the body. Also, if there are erosive lesions or esophageal ulcers, the symptoms may be the same or worse for the simultaneous presence of anemia or have impaired swallowing or transit of the bolus (dysphasia), which if severe, results in a loss of body weight.

Often, especially in the elderly, is also a non-specific symptoms, usually referred to as “indigestion” (annoying pain in the upper abdomen, early satiety, a feeling of fullness after eating, nausea, vomiting), defined by the term Medical dyspepsia.

Drugs

the drugs used are those which reduce acid secretion by the stomach. Once there were only mild medications such as H2 blockers or antacids, are used today mainly proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), which reduces significantly the production of gastric acid and thus the amount of acid available for reflux in ‘esophagus, relieve symptoms and allow the healing of the lesions, if present.
Gastro esophageal reflux is a chronic problem, so for most patients require maintenance therapy can often take several months. PPI drugs are normally used at doses halved. In the case of severe injuries, complications or symptoms extra – esophageal PPi should always be used in full doses for long periods of time.
Prokinetic drugs are ineffective. They improve the ability of emptying of the stomach and esophageal peristalsis only when there are also the dyspeptic symptoms.

Outside the esophagus is formed of a muscle layer which is contracted and released rhythmically, giving rise to the movements of peristalsis. Peristalsis facilitates the flow of food into the stomach.

The beginning and end of the stomach there are two valves or sphincters, which are released only when it has to pass the bolus. If the bottom valve is released when it should not you can have gastro esophageal reflux, or a rise of acid or other material in the last part of the esophagus.
More intense reflux can be helped by the abundance of gastric secretion, either from taking certain positions (lying down or bending forward). The secretions can then go back to the upper part of the esophagus or even in my throat, giving a feeling of heartburn and acid.
Acid secretions can also be inhaled into the structures tract (larynx, bronchi), giving rise to extra-esophageal manifestations of reflux (cough, asthma).

When can we speak of sickness?

A small proportion of reflux, especially gas, occurs under normal conditions (belching), especially after meals. Healthy individuals have an average of 1 to 4 episodes per hour during the 3 hours after the meal. Reflux lasts a few seconds, no more than 30.
When the phenomenon becomes more frequent and is associated with symptoms can talk about the disease.

Initially, the problem is controllable with diet and hygiene standards. Without these standards the valve that separates the stomach dall’esofago (lower sphincter) becomes less effective and the disease stabilizes and serious. In this case we can produce erosive lesions or ulcers in the esophagus against the walls and any complications: upholstery fabric, for defense, to be thin can become thick and rough, up to resemble that of the bowel (intestinal metaphase giving) .
Intestinal metaphase must be controlled properly because it can be the first step toward cancer (adenocarcinoma). To prevent such deterioration is treatment with drugs that reduce gastric secretion (proton pump inhibitors). The use of surgical therapy un’evenienza is now much less frequent than before thanks to the effectiveness of such drugs.

You should be aware of what not only the types of food we eat, but also when and how much of these foods we eat. The only way for you to track this, is to keep a journal or diary of everything you eat and take notes. You also need to make a record of what types of foods did you experience pain that burns. Knowing what your favorite genre of food and what you like to eat more, and track them to see if these could be the cause of the problem.

Foods that cause angina:

1) chocolate. Eating chocolate will give you heartburn and pain. Chocolate limit the ability of the lower esophageal sphincter to stop any stomach acid from backing up into your esophagus or throat.

2) Peppermint. The oil of peppermint may cause or increase the burning pain and even digestive problems. Thus, only use with caution.

3) Fried and fatty foods. Eat these hot and spicy foods may cause pain, because the levels of acidity in them. So if you like to eat Indian, Mexican and Italian food, you may need to address the discomfort in your chest and esophagus.

4) Of the tomato. The problem with tomatoes is that they are products with high levels of acidity. These will increase acid levels in your body.

5) Eating and drinking foods with caffeine or high carbon dioxide can cause heartburn. Thus, beverages such as coffee, tea, pop and other beverages such are not really good. Also, drinking alcohol is just as bad. You may also need to use caution with drinking beverages based on citrus and other juices high acidity.

6) You also want to guard against food like onions, garlic, mustard, vinegar, and a spread of other spices that might be warm and acidity. Eating foods could be the cause of esophageal discomfort.

It ‘been shown that gastroesophageal reflux, whose causes are not well known, in some subjects is more serious because it is related to the presence of this pouch acid. The treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease is based on the use of drugs that block stomach acid production.

It is important, however, also pay attention to diet. It would be preferable to repeated small meals throughout the day and avoid large binges. Reflux sufferers should also avoid coffee, chocolate, alcoholic beverages, soft drinks, juices of citrus fruits and tomatoes, eating too much fat.