The gastro esophageal reflux is a disorder that causes regurgitation of stomach contents (including stomach acid) in the esophagus. The lining of the esophagus is not designed to withstand the onslaught of gastric juices, inflammation sets in, followed by burns and other symptoms of irritation of the esophagus. Over time, it can result in damage to the esophagus.
In common parlance, we speak often of heartburn to designate the reflux.
For most people, the problem is caused by a malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter muscle ring at the junction of the esophagus and stomach. In normal circumstances, the lower esophageal sphincter prevents stomach contents from rising into the esophagus, opening only to let the food eaten, thus playing a protective role valve. In case of reflux, the sphincter opens at inappropriate times, leaving out the gastric juices of the stomach cavity. Sufferers often have reflux acid reflux after a meal or during the night. This phenomenon is well known regurgitation in infants, in whom the sphincter is immature.
In Canada, it is estimated that 29% of the population is troubled with episodes of gastro esophageal reflux. In the U.S., 44% of the adult population has reflux at least once a month.
Evolution
In the majority of people, reflux symptoms are chronic and appear in recurrences. The available treatments offer the most complete relief, but temporary symptoms. They do not cure the disease.
Complications
Prolonged exposure of the esophagus to acidic substances can cause inflammation known as esophagitis, esophageal ulcers, and sometimes a narrowing of the diameter of the esophagus. When the situation becomes chronic, it can lead to Barrett’s esophagus. The normal gray-pink tissue of the esophagus is then replaced by a flaming pink salmon color. This condition increases the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma, a form of cancer.
Note that people with reflux are at increased risk of dental problems because of the increased acidity in the mouth.
Tags: Acid Reflux, Gastroesophageal reflux, Stomach, Symptoms, Treatment,
