Definition
Gastroesophageal reflux is the passage of gastric contents into the esophagus through the lower esophageal sphincter. The refluxed material can be contained in the stomach or intestine. Regurgitation is the ascent to the mouth or pharynx of material from the stomach or esophagus. Gastroesophageal reflux can be asymptomatic, causing no injuries on anyone.

Stomach acid refluxes into the esophagus causing mucosal damage Fig.2-normal gastroesophageal sphincter (contracted) by preventing the output of stomach acid.

Treatment
* Changes in lifestyle, diet and weight reduction, if overweight.
* Raise the head of the bed 3 to 8 cm.
* Dining or drinking any food 3 to 4 hours before bedtime or lying down.
* Avoid certain foods that relax the lower esophageal sphincter, caffeine, alcohol, snuff, spices, mint, chocolate.

Medication
- H2-blockers are used, which reduce the action of histamine on gastric cells and thus reduce gastric acidity. Cimetidine (Tagamet ®), ranitidine (Zantac ®), famotidine.
- inhibitors proton pump that dry acid production in the stomach. Omeprazole (Losec ®), lansoprazole.
-  stimulators esophageal sphincter motility.  Metaclopramida (Primperam ®) Urecholine (Betancol ®).

The surgery is performed to uncontrolled symptoms or complications of Barrett’s esophagitis. Primarily intended to correct hernias (sliding) hiatal, returning the stomach to the abdominal cavity and closing the passage through the diaphragm so that does not happen again.

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